官方源：https://channels.nixos.org/
清华源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/nix-channels
本文使用清华源。
¶ 升级系统
官方文档：https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-upgrading
一般情况下升级软件版本：
sudo nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade如果要升级系统版本号，比如升级到24.11：
# sudo nix-channel --add https://channels.nixos.org/nixos-24.11 nixos
sudo nix-channel --add https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/nix-channels/nixos-24.11 nixos
sudo nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade每次nixos-rebuild会产生一个generation，便于以后回滚。这些generation引用了老版本软件，所以会阻止它们被GC掉。所以如果不需要回滚的话可以把老的generation删掉。
列出所有generation：
nixos-rebuild list-generations只保留最新的generation，并且删除旧版本软件：
sudo nix-collect-garbage -d¶
configuration.nix
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
{
imports = [
# Include the results of the hardware scan.
./hardware-configuration.nix
];
boot.loader.efi.efiSysMountPoint = "/boot/efi";
nix.settings.substituters = [ "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/nix-channels/store" ];
# Define a user account. Don't forget to set a password with ‘passwd’.
users.users.searchstar = {
isNormalUser = true;
extraGroups = [
"wheel" # Enable ‘sudo’ for the user.
"networkmanager"
];
};
# Use the systemd-boot EFI boot loader.
boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
boot.loader.grub = {
enable = true;
device = "nodev";
efiSupport = true;
useOSProber = true;
};
# Set your time zone.
time.timeZone = "Asia/Shanghai";
networking.networkmanager.enable = true;
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
python3
vim # The Nano editor is also installed by default.
git
openssl
trash-cli
]
# Enable the X11 windowing system.
services.xserver.enable = true;
# Enable touchpad support (enabled default in most desktopManager).
services.libinput.enable = true;
# Enable CUPS to print documents.
services.printing.enable = true;
}修改之后要rebuild才能生效：
sudo nixos-rebuild switch¶ KDE
# Enable the X11 windowing system.
services.xserver.enable = true;
services.displayManager.sddm.enable = true;
services.desktopManager.plasma6.enable = true;¶ GNOME
#environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
# Need enable in "Extensions" of GNOME
gnomeExtensions.tray-icons-reloaded
#];
# Enable the GNOME Desktop Environment.
services.xserver.displayManager.gdm.enable = true;
services.xserver.desktopManager.gnome.enable = true;¶ 中文输入法
官方文档：https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Fcitx5
i18n.inputMethod = {
enable = true;
type = "fcitx5";
fcitx5.addons = with pkgs; [
rime-data
fcitx5-rime
];
};¶ flatpak
xdg.portal.extraPortals = [ pkgs.xdg-desktop-portal-kde ];
xdg.portal.enable = true;
services.flatpak.enable = true;¶ 代理
# Configure network proxy if necessary
networking.proxy.default = "http://127.0.0.1:端口/";
networking.proxy.noProxy = "127.0.0.1,localhost,internal.domain";¶ 中文字体
#environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
# sans表示sans serif，即无衬线字体。粗体使用的就是无衬线字体
noto-fonts-cjk-sans
#];注销再重新登录之后才生效。
¶ 允许安装非自由软件
nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;然后把要安装的包名写在environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [里面。常用的包：
¶ wechat-uos
要用命令行wechat-uos启动。。。